RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION DAN TAX AVOIDANCE: APAKAH MULTINATIONALITY MEMPERKUAT HUBUNGAN KEDUANYA?

Maya Amelia Putri, Nurul Aisyah Rachmawati

Abstract


This study examines the influence of Related Party Transactions (RPT) and Multinationality on Tax avoidance, with Multinationality functioning as a moderator. The observation period covers 2021–2025, reflecting the post-COVID-19 recovery phase and the initial implementation of the Tax Harmonization Law (UU HPP No. 7/2021) in Indonesia. The population consists of Industrials and Basic Materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Through purposive sampling, a total of 46 companies were selected, resulting in 221 firm-year observations within an unbalanced panel. Data analysis was conducted using the Random Effects Model (REM) with Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimation. Tax avoidance was proxied by the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). The empirical findings indicate that RPT exerts a significant negative influence on ETR, which corresponds to a significant positive influence on Tax avoidance. These results support the opportunistic perspective of Agency Theory, suggesting that managers utilize related-party transactions to shift profits and reduce tax liabilities. Conversely, Multinationality does not exhibit a significant direct effect on Tax avoidance and does not moderate the relationship between RPT and Tax avoidance. The lack of significance in these findings is principally attributable to methodological constraints, including limited variance attributable to the predominance of domestic firms (81%) within the sample, and the non-tax costs considered, such as transfer pricing audit risks under PMK No. 213/PMK.03/2016.


Keywords: Agency Theory; Effective Tax Rate; Multinationality; Related Party Transactions; Tax avoidance

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31326/.v6i1.2959

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